precision, 37, 38, 147

predicted values, 242

predictive model, 228–229

predictive value negative, 187

predictive value positive, 187

predictors

introduction to, 208, 233

in iterative models, 246–247

in logistic models, 255–256

in regression models, 273–274, 279

relation to the outcome, 242, 245–246, 250

types of, 209, 235–236

pregnancy, 171, 185–187

prevalence, 179, 186, 191–194

prevalence ratio, 179

primary diagnosis (PrimaryDx), 236–238

primary efficacy objective, 62

primary objectives, 62

primary sampling units (PSU), 86

privacy, 71

probability, 30–33

probability bell curve, 353

probability distributions, 35–37

probability of independence, 166

procedural descriptions, 70

product, of an array, 27

prognosis curves, 329, 331, 343–346

proportional hazards (PH) regression, 330–331, 333–334

proportions, 11, 135–136, 363

protective factor, 178

protractor, 113